A Simple Chemical Method for Synthesis of NiFe2O4 Nanoparticles and Polystyrene-Based Magnetic Nanocomposites

Magnetic NiFe₂O₄ (NiFe) nanoparticles were synthesized via a facile chemical reaction between Ni(NO₃)₂ and Fe(NO₃)₃. Different percents of NiFe nanoparticles were then added to polystyrene (PS) matrix. Nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The magnetic properties of the samples were also investigated using an alternating gradient force magnetometer. The nanoparticles exhibit ferromagnetic behaviour at room temperature, with a saturation magnetization of 20.8 emu/g and a coercivity of 99.6 Oe. Preparation of NiFe₂O₄ -PS nanocomposite leads to decrease in the coercivity.     

The Effect of Aminated Carbon Nanotube and Phosphorus Pentoxide on the Thermal Stability and Flame Retardant Properties of the Acrylonitrile–Butadiene–Styrene

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) have been successfully functionalized with amino groups. In order to improve the thermal stability of the polymer nanocomposite, aminated-MWCNTs were added to acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS). The influence of MWCNT and phosphorus pentoxide nanostructures on the flame retardancy of the ABS matrix was studied using UL-94 test. The results show that the MWCNT nanostructure can’t enhance the flame retardancy of the ABS matrix but synergism of MWCNT and P₂O₅ can effectively improve the flame retardancy of the nanocomposite.     

Synergistic Effect Between Sb2O3 Nanoparticles–Trichloromelamine and Carbon Nanotube on the Flame Retardancy and Thermal Stability of the Cellulose Acetate

Sb₂O₃ nanoparticles were synthesized via a simple surfactant-free sonochemical reaction. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) have been successfully functionalized with amino groups. Cellulose acetate (CA) as a polymeric matrix was choosing in this work. In order to improve the thermal stability and flame retardancy of the CA, nanoparticles, aminated-MWCNT and trichloromelamine (TCM) were added to the polymeric matrix. The nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and UL-94 analysis. Flame retardancy of the nanocomposite was improved as a result of synergistic effect between Sb₂O₃ and TCM. Result show that thermal decomposition of the nanocomposites was shifted towards higher temperatures.     

Synthesis and thermogravimetric analysis of inclusion complexes of O2N2-donor Aza-crown macrocyclic ligands with [60]fullerene

A simple method for the formation of inclusion complex of [60]fullerene with two O₂N₂-donor aza-crown macrocyclic ligands was introduced. The products were characterized using UV–vis and IR spectroscopies as well as HPLC, and ESI mass spectrometry. The ESI mass and elemental analysis data revealed that the ratio of macroring:[60]fullerene were not the same. The binding capability of the macrorings as well as the number of the macroring addends to [60]fullerene were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Considering percentage mass loss in different steps of TG and the enthalpy changes in DSC found for each of these products, the number of their addends on [60]fullerene were calculated. Theoretical calculations in semi-empirical level using AM1 suggested that proper orientation of the nitrogen-donor groups on the aza-crown macrorings toward [60]fullerene could be the main factor for the observed difference in the number of macroring addends attached to [60]fullerene.     

Selective Solid‐phase Extraction of Cu2+ by a Novel Cu(II)‐imprinted Silica Gel

A new Cu(II)‐imprinted salen functionalized silica gel adsorbent was synthesized by surface imprinting technique and was employed as a selective solid phase extraction material for Cu²⁺ removal from aqueous solutions. The samples were characterized by FT‐IR, ¹HNMR, ¹³CNMR, CHNS and DTG techniques. The BET surface area of the silica gel was also determined. The adsorbent was then used for removal of Cu²⁺ from aqueous solutions under different experimental conditions. It was concluded that the synthesized imprinted silica gel had higher selectivity and capacity compared to the non‐imprinted silica gel and the maximal adsorption capacity of 67.3 and 56.5 mg.g^?1 was obtained respectively for ion‐imprinted and non‐imprinted adsorbents. The relative selectivity factor (β) of 50.32 and 31.94 was obtained respectively for Cu²⁺/Ni²⁺ and Cu²⁺/Zn²⁺ pairs. The dynamic adsorption capacity of the imprinted adsorbent was close to the static adsorption capacity due to the fast kinetic of adsorption. Furthermore, the ion‐imprinted adsorbent was recovered and repeatedly used and satisfactory adsorption capacity with acceptable precision was obtained. Each experiment was repeated at least for three times and the mean and the standard deviation for each measurement were calculated. The applicability of the method was examined for Zayandehrood water as real sample. Acceptabe standard deviation was obtained.     

From Nef‐Isocyanide Adducts toward Functionalized 5‐Iminothiazolidines Containing Polarized CC Bonds

An efficient synthesis of alkyl 5‐(alkylimino)‐3‐aryl(alkyl)‐2‐(dicyanomethylene)‐4‐hydroxythiazolidine‐4‐carboxylates, containing polarized C?C bonds, via reaction of malononitrile, arylisothiocyanates, and the Nef‐isocyanide adducts, under basic conditions, is described.     

Copper(II) modified carbon paste electrodes based on self-assembled mercapto compounds-gold-nanoparticle

Three mercapto compounds [2-mercapto-5-(1-methyl-5-nitroimidazole-2-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole] (MMNIT), [2-mercapto-5-(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole] (MNFT) and [2-mercapto-5-(5-nitrothiophen-2-yl)-1,3,4-thidiazole] (MNTT) were used for self-assembled-gold nanoparticle (SAGNP) modified carbon paste electrodes. The electrodes were applied as indicator electrodes for potentiometric determination of Cu(II) ion. The prepared electrodes exhibit a Nernstian slope of 31.0+/-0.5 mV per decade for Cu(II) ion over a wide concentration range of 7.9x10(-9)-3.2x10(-2), 7.9x10(-9)-7.9x10(-4), and 2.8x10(-8)-7.9x10(-3) mol L(-1) for MMNIT, MNFT and, MNTT, respectively. The detection limits of electrodes were 3.5 (+/-0.2)x10(-9), 4.1x10(-9), and 4.1x10(-8) mol L(-1) of copper ion, respectively. The potentiometric responses of electrodes based on MMNIT, MNFT, and MNTT are independent of the pH of test solution in the pH range 2.0-5.5, 2.5-7.0, and 2.0-6.5, respectively. They have quick response with response time of about 5 s. The proposed electrodes show fairly good selectivity over some alkali, alkaline earth, transition and heavy metal ions. Finally, the proposed electrodes were successfully employed to detect Cu(II) ion in hair and water samples.     

Structures of aliphatic amino acid proton-bound dimers by infrared multiple photon dissociation spectroscopy in the 700-2,000 cm(-1) region

Structural aspects of proton-bound dimers composed of amino acids with aliphatic side chains are investigated using infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy and electronic structure calculations. Features in the IRMPD spectra in the 700-2,000 cm-1 range are due primarily to C=O stretching, NH2 bending, and COH bending. It was possible to distinguish between isomeric structures by comparing the experimental IRMPD spectra and those predicted using B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p). It was possible, based on the calculations and IRMPD spectra, to assign the experimental spectrum of the glycine proton-bound dimer to a structure which was slightly different from that assigned by previous spectroscopic investigations and in agreement with recent thermochemical studies. Since all proton-bound dimers studied here, composed of the different amino acids, have very similar spectra, it is expected that they also have very similar lowest-energy structures including the mixed alanine/glycine proton-bound dimer. In fact, the spectra are so similar that it would be very challenging to distinguish, for example, the glycine proton-bound dimer from the alanine or valine proton-bound dimers in the 700-2,000 cm-1 range. According to the calculated IR spectra it is shown that in the approximately 2,000-3,200 cm-1 range differentiating between different structures as well as different proton-bound dimers may be possible. This is due mainly to differences in the asymmetric stretch of the binding proton which is predicted to occur in this region.     

Facile synthesis and biological assays of novel 2,4-disubstituted hydrazinyl-thiazoles analogs

A convenient, one-pot multi-component synthesis of new 2,4-disubstituted hydrazinyl-thiazoles was accomplished using different aldehydes/ketones, thiosemicarbazide, and 4-methoxy phenacyl bromide in the presence of a catalytic amount of AcOH in EtOH. Products were obtained in reasonable yields and high purity. The in vitro antioxidant activity of hydrazinyl-thiazoles was evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging activity in comparison to ascorbic acid. Synthesized thiazoles 14c and 14g possessed the lowest \(\hbox {IC}_{50}\) values. Also, hydrazinyl-thiazoles were screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against six strains of bacteria including S. aureus, M. luteus, E. coli, Ps. aeruginosa, B. subtilis, and A. hydrophila where some products showed good antibacterial activity. Moreover, compound 14a showed anticancer activity against melanoma cancerous cell lines A375 with \(\hbox {LC}_{50}= 0.55\hbox { mg}/\hbox {mL}\), slightly selective versus normal cell lines (Hu-2) with \(\hbox {LC}_{50}= 1.19\hbox { mg}/\hbox {mL}\).     

Synthesis and Characterization of Al(OH)<Subscript>3</Subscript>, Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> Nanoparticles and Polymeric Nanocomposites

Applying of the most toxic halogenated and aromatic flame retardants is limited with respect to the environmental requirements. Nontoxic Al(OH)₃ nanoparticles were synthesized via a simple surfactant-free precipitation reaction at room temperature. The effect of various precipitation-agents on the morphology of the products was investigated. Al(OH)₃ nanoparticles were added to the polysulfone and poly styrene (PS) matrices. Electron microscope images show excellent dispersion of aluminium hydroxide in PS matrix. Nanoparticles appropriately enhanced both thermal stability and flame retardant property of the polymeric matrices. The enhancement of flame retardancy is due to endothermic decomposition of Al(OH)₃ that absorbs heat and simultaneously releases of water (makes combustible gases diluted and cold). Dispersed nanoparticles play the role of a barrier layer against flame, oxygen and polymer volatilization. Al(OH)₃ was converted to Al₂O₃ and its photo-catalyst property in degradation three different organic dyes as pollutants was investigated.